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    What we do

    Where adaptability meets advantage

    At TCS, we don’t just help businesses transform. We help them become perpetually adaptive enterprises, built to evolve continuously and confidently in a world of constant change.

    Adaptability starts here
    • Industries
    • Services
    • Products and Platforms
    • Research & Innovation
    • Alliances
    • Banking
    • Capital Markets
    • Consumer Packaged Goods and Distribution
    • Communications, Media, and Information Services
    • Education
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    • Healthcare
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    • Insurance
    • Life Sciences
    • Manufacturing
    • Public Services
    • Retail
    • Travel and Logistics
    • Artificial Intelligence and Data & Analytics
    • Cloud
    • Cognitive Business Operations
    • Consulting
    • Cybersecurity
    • Enterprise Solutions
    • IoT and Digital Engineering
    • Network Solutions and Services
    • TCS Interactive
    • Sustainability Services
    • TCS ADD™
    • TCS BANCS™
    • TCS BFSI Platforms
    • TCS CHROMA™
    • TCS Customer Intelligence & Insights™
    • TCS ERP on Cloud
    • ignio™
    • TCS iON™
    • TCS HOBS™
    • TCS Intelligent Urban Exchange™
    • TCS OmniStore™
    • TCS Optumera™
    • TCS Tap™
    • Quartz™ – The Smart Ledgers™
    • TCS TwinX™
    • TCS MasterCraft™
    • Jile™
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    • TCS AI WisdomNext™
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    Where adaptability meets advantage
  • Industries expand here
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    • Cloud
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    • Network Solutions and Services
    • TCS Interactive
    • Sustainability Services
  • Products and Platforms expand here
    • TCS ADD™
    • TCS BANCS™
    • TCS BFSI Platforms
    • TCS CHROMA™
    • TCS Customer Intelligence & Insights™
    • TCS ERP on Cloud
    • ignio™
    • TCS iON™
    • TCS HOBS™
    • TCS Intelligent Urban Exchange™
    • TCS OmniStore™
    • TCS Optumera™
    • TCS Tap™
    • Quartz™ – The Smart Ledgers™
    • TCS TwinX™
    • TCS MasterCraft™
    • Jile™
    • TCS DigiBOLT™
    • TCS AI WisdomNext™
  • Research & Innovation expand here
    • TCS Research
    • TCS Pace™
  • Alliances
  • Who we are

    We deliver excellence and create value for customers and communities.

    Our expert, committed team put our shared values into action – every day. With the best talent and the latest technology we help customers turn complexity into opportunities and create meaningful change.

    Discover the difference
    • Brand
    • Leadership
    • Community
    • Sustainability
    • Inclusion
    • Values
    We deliver excellence and create value for customers and communities.
  • Brand
  • Leadership
  • Community
  • Sustainability
  • Inclusion
  • Values
  • Insights

    Discover why customers choose TCS

    We are a digital transformation and technology partner of choice for industry-leading organizations worldwide.

    Read our customer success stories.
    • Events
    • Analyst Recognition
    • Global Studies

    Upcoming events

    27 Dec 2025 TCS at Guidewire Connections 2025
    01 Dec 2025 TCS at AWS re:Invent 2025
    18 Nov 2025 TCS is a Gamechanger Sponsor of Microsoft Ignite 2025
    View all

    Recent recognitions

    15 Oct 2025 From Technical Liability to Digital Dominance: Plaza Premium Group’s Bold Transformation
    06 Oct 2025 Unlocking the Future: 6G & AI for Telcos
    18 Sep 2025 Emirates NBD Transforms Payments and Reengineers Banking Operations
    View all
    Discover why customers choose TCS
  • Events
  • Analyst Recognition
  • Global Studies
  • Careers

    Want to be a global change-maker? Join our team.

    At TCS, we believe exceptional work begins with hiring, celebrating and nurturing the best people — from all walks of life.

    Join us
    • India
    • Americas
    • Asia Pacific
    • Europe and UK
    • Middle East and Africa
    • India
    • Argentina
    • Brazil
    • Canada
    • Chile
    • Colombia
    • Ecuador
    • Mexico
    • Peru
    • Uruguay
    • USA
    • Australia
    • Mainland China
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    Want to be a global change-maker? Join our team.
  • India expand here
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    • Argentina
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    • Canada
    • Chile
    • Colombia
    • Ecuador
    • Mexico
    • Peru
    • Uruguay
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    16 Oct 2025 TCS and Infineon Partner to Redefine Digital Experience and Accelerate Sales Growth
    16 Oct 2025 NCVET Selected TCS to Develop a Portal Aimed at Democratizing the Vocational Skill Development Ecosystem in India
    19 Sep 2025 TCS Interactive Opens Flagship Studio in New York City to Drive Innovation-led Experiences
    View all
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    Discover more Q1FY26 Debrief
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    Constellation design of remote sensing small satellite for infrastructure monitoring in India

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    Abstract

    A constellation of remote sensing small satellite systems has been developed for infrastructure monitoring in India by using SAR payload. The LEO constellation of the small satellites is designed in a way that can cover the entire footprint of India. Since India lies a little above the equatorial region, the orbital parameters are adjusted in a way that inclination of 36 degrees and RAAN varies from 70-130 degrees at a height of 600 km has been considered. 

    A total number of four orbital planes are designed, in which each orbital plane consists of three small satellites with 120-degrees true anomaly separation. Each satellite is capable of taking multiple-look images with the minimum resolution of 1 meter per pixel and swath width of approx.10 km. The multiple-look images captured by the SAR payload help in continuous infrastructure monitoring of our interested footprint area in India. 

    Each small satellite is equipped with a communication payload that uses X-band and VHF antenna, whereas the TT&C will use a high data-rate S-band transmitter. The paper presents only a coverage metrics analysis method of our designed constellation for our India footprint by considering the important metrics such as revisit time, response time, and coverage efficiency. 

    The result shows that the average revisits time for our constellation ranges from about 15-35 minutes, which is less than an hour, and the average response time for this iteratively designed constellation ranges from about 25-120 minutes, along with 100% coverage efficiency most of the time. Finally, it was concluded that each satellite has 70 kg of total mass and costs around $0.75 million to develop.

    Research area: Robotics and autonomous systems

    Authors: Roshan Sah, Raunak Srivastava, and Kaushik Das

    Conference/event: Small Satellite Conference

    Conference date: July, 2021

    Read More

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